Skip to Main Content

Citing Resources: APA

SOURCE: American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
CREDIT: MELANIE LAW, FLORIDA SOUTHERN COLLEGE

This includes printed and electronic books.

1 Book with single author, no edition
 

General reference form for books:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Publisher.
Kerins, A. (2010). An adventure in service-learning: Developing knowledge, values
            and responsibility. Gower.
​2 Book with single author, 
edition stated

Berman, S. (2006). Service learning: A guide to planning, implementing, and
            assessing student projects (2nd ed.). Corwin Press.
​3
E-book

McDonald, T., & Proquest (2011). Social Responsibility and sustainability multidisciplinary perspectives through

 service learning. Stylus Pub. https://styluspub.presswarehouse.com/browse/book/9781579224189/Social-

Responsibility-and-Sustainability#desc

NOTE: Provide URL in place of publication details for an e-book.
4
Edited Book with DOI


 

​Idowu, S.O. & Louche, C. (Eds.). (2011). Theory and practice of corporate social
            responsibility. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
            https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16461-3
 
NOTE: A Direct Object Identifer (DOI) is a unique identification number for a
           published work. Provide DOI at the end of the reference when available.

This category includes books and reference books with chapter entries.

1
Chapter with author byline in an edited book 
General reference form for book chapter:
Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B.
            Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Publisher.
 
Without DOI or URL:
Smith, F. M. & Jones, W. (2004). The college student. In C. Wood, & M. Meyer (Eds.),
            Cross-cultural education (pp. 75−105). MacMillan. 
 
With DOI or URL:
Aron, L., Botella, M. & Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development. In  
R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, & F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent
(pp. 345–359).  American Psychological Association.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016
2 Chapter with author byline in an edited e-book 

Baranowski, T., Perry, C. L., & Parcel, G. S. (2002). How individuals, environments, and

health behavior interact. In Glanz, K., Rimer, B. & Viswanath, K. (Eds.), Health

 behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (5th ed., pp. 

165-184). American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-

17146-000
3

Entry in an online reference work

Graham, G. (2023). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Winter
          2023 ed.). Standford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism

NOTE: Embed URLs in the reference.

Periodicals include items published on a regular basis such as journals, magazines, newspapers, and newsletters. 

​1
Journal article with DOI

General reference form for Journal article:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B. & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of article. Title of           
            Periodical, xx, pp-pp. https://doi.org/xx:xxxxxxxxxx


Herbst-Damm, K. L. & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status,
            and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24(2), 225-229. 
            https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225 
​2
Journal article with DOI, more than 7 authors
 Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C., Asgaard, G.,      
            ...Botros, N. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and              
            attention last for more than 31 days and are more severe with stress,              
            dependence, DRD2 A1 allele, and depressive traits. Nicotine and Tobacco       
            Research, 6, 249-267. https://doi.org/10.1080.1422200410001676305
​3 ​Journal article without DOI
 

Brown, C. & Austin, D. (2009). Fatty acids, breastfeeding and autism spectrum disorder. E-Journal of
            Applied Psychology, 5(1), 49–52. http://ojs/lib.swin.edu.au/

Light, M. A. & Light, I. H. (2008). The geographic expansion of Mexican immigration   
            in the United States and its implication for local law enforcement. Law            
            Enforcement Executive Forum Journal, 8(1), 73-82.

NOTE: Provide page numbers if journal is paginated. If there is no DOI assigned and 
the reference was retrieved online, provide the URL of the journal home 
page. No retrieval date is needed. Italicise the journal name and volume number but not the issue number.
​4 ​Magazine article Chamberlin, J., Novotnet, A., Packard, E. & Price, M. (2008, May). Enhancing worker     
            well-being: Occupational health psychologists convene to share their research
            on work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.
​5
Online magazine article
 Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse   
            of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6), 41.
            https://www.apa.org/monitor/2008/06/ideology 
​6 ​Newsletter article with no author byline
 

Six sites meet for comprehensive anti-gang initiative conference. (2006,                   
            November/December). OJJDP News @ a Glance.     
            https://www.ncjrs.gov/html/ojjdp/news_at_glance/216684/topstory.html

NOTE: Alphabetise works with no author by the first significant word in the title (in this case, 
           "Six").

           In text, use a short title (or full title if it is short) enclosed in quotation marks 
           for parenthetical citation: ("Six Sites Meet", 2006)
​7 Newspaper article
 

Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity after economic, social status. The Washington Post, A1, A4.

NOTE: If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the numbers with a comma (e.g., pp.B1, B5-B7).
​8 Online newspaper article

Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times. 
            https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/11/health/11iht-11brod.8685746.html. 

The Internet offers a lot of platforms to publish and join online discussions. 

1
Webpage on website,
no author
 All 33 Chile miners freed in flawless rescue. (2010, October 13). NBC News.               
            https://www.nbcnews.com/id/39625809/ns/world_news-americas/
​2 Document on a website with corporate author Singapore Ministry of Health. (n.d.). List of infectious diseases.
            https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/diseases_and_conditions.html 
3

Blog post

 pharyngula. (2007, January 22). The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences
           of partitioning your mind. Science Blogs. https://scienceblogs.com
           /pharyngula/2007/01/the_unfortunate_prerequisites.php

Audiovisual media consist of film, video, music and podcast.

​1

Motion Picture [DVD Format]

 Bill, B., & Rosebush, B. (Producers) & Ortega, K. (Director). (2009). High 
           school musical 3 [Film]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment. 
​2

Music Recording

Lang, K.D. (2008). Shadow and the frame [Song]. On Watershed [Album]. Nonesuch Records. (Whole Album)
Lang, K.D. (2008). Watershed [Album]. Nonesuch Records. (Single song, track)
NOTE:  In-text citations, include side and band or track numbers: "Shadow and the Frame" (Lang, 2008, track 10). 
​3 Podcast​
 		 Van Nuys, D. (Host). (2007, December 19). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast]. Shrink Radio Radio
         https://shrinkrapradio.com/
​​5 ​YouTube Video​ Singapore Workforce Development Agency. (2011, 28 September). Singapore human capital 
         summit - Knowledge showcase [Video]. Youtube.
         https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vCA3c_-xgY

The format for acknowledging photos published online is below.

1
From Web (without DOI)

Painter, J. (2018, January 26). Ship in the mist [Photograph]. Flickr.
         https://www.flickr.com/photos/japester68/25035845847 
​2
From Database
 Rottmann, F. (2022, July 23). Mountain with snow in sunset light – Norway
         [Photograph]. Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/Oha6J_IsKjM

 

 

In-text citation

APA in-text citations consist of the author’s last name and publication year. 

No.  Type of citation First citation in text Subsequent citations in text Parenthetical format, first citation in text Parenthetical format, subsequent citations in text
​1   Work by one author Ghemawat noted that decision-making in international strategy is much more complex because of the 'barriers created by distance' (2001). Ghemawat (2001) (Ghemawat, 2001) (Ghemawat, 2001)
2​ Work by two authors Bielby and Harrington reported that while the USA is by far the major exporter of TV programmes, countries with large internal markets such as Brazil, Japan, and the UK are also active exporters (2008). Bielby and Harrington (2008) (Bielby & Harrington, 2008) (Bielby & Harrington, 2008)
​3 Work by three authors Emperical findings from Arnkoff, Glass, and Shapiro (2002) demonstrate that one of the moderating variables with regard to psychotherapy drop-out and outcome may also be the clients’ expectations about therapy.
 

Note:

In case of a work by three authors or more, the subsequent in-text entry for the same article should include only the name of the first mentioned author followed by et al.:

Arnkoff et al. (2002) integrated concepts to identify critical destination stakeholders in tourism development.

(Arnkoff et.al., 2002)

  (Arnkoff et. al, 2002)
​4 Work by four authors The operation of availability heuristics (existing and recent knowledge) and representativeness heuristics (tried routines) seem to figure in some tourists’ decisions and play a role in the emotional input into choices, according to De Martino, Kumaran, Seymour, and Dolan (2006). De Martino et al. (2006) (De Martino et al. 2006) (De Martino et al. 2006)
​5 Work by five authors Freeman, Harrison, Wicks, Parmar, and Colle reported concepts to identify critical destination stakeholders in tourism development (2010). Freeman et al. (2010) (Freeman et al., 2010) (Freeman et al., 2010)
​6 Work by six or more authors Large retail multinationals such as Ikea of Sweden also source extensively from China (Coe et al., 2007). Coe et al. (2007) (Coe et al., 2007) (Coe et al., 2007)
​7 Work by a group (with abbreviations) World Trade Organisation reported that between 1950 and 2006, world trade grew 27-fold in volume terms, three times faster than world output growth (WTO, 2007). WTO (2007) (World Trade Organisation [WTO], 2007) (WTO, 2007)
​8 ​Work by a group (with no abbreviations) ​University of Pittsburgh (2005) University of Pittsburgh (2005) (University of Pittsburgh, 2005) (University of Pittsburgh, 2005)
9  Personal communication
 

T.K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001)
(V.-G. Nguyen, personal communication, September 28, 1998)

NOTE:

Include date of interview in parenthetical citations.

Personal communications are for in-text citations only. They should not be included in the reference list because they cannot be retrieved.

Book References

 

 

Quick Links

Major changes in APA's 7th edition that were reflected in this Lib Guide were adapted from:  

Streefkerk, R. (2019, Oct 11). APA Manual 7th edition: The most notable changes. https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-seventh-edition-changes/